Posted by CD polymers seem to be suitable for the removal of xenobiotics from aqueous matrices [1-4]. Previous studies demonstrated that CD polymers can extract certain mycotoxins – such as alternariol [5,6], ochratoxin A [7,8], and zearalenone [9] – from aqueous solutions and beverages. After the toxin removal, CD polymers can be regenerated with ethanol-water or methanol-water mixture [6,9,10]. Therefore, CD polymers are reusable and can be considered as binders in regard to analytical sample preparation/enrichment or toxin removal. However, the treatment of drinks with CD polymers likely affects the quality of beverages, which means a limitation in the latter application.
In a recent study, the impacts of insoluble (but water-swellable) β-cyclodextrin bead polymer (BBP) have been examined on the quality of 5 red and 3 white wines, where color changes and effects on polyphenol levels were tested as well as electronic tongue (e-tongue) analyses were performed [11]. The major results/conclusions were the following: (1) Lower amounts of BBP (10 mg/mL or below) caused slight to moderate changes in the color-related Glories parameters and total polyphenol content of wines tested. (2) However, BBP extracted unexpectedly high amounts of trans-resveratrol and quercetin from red wines. (3) Based on e-tongue analyses, lower levels of the polymer (1 mg/mL to 5 mg/mL) typically caused minor impacts or did not affect the tastes of wines. (4) BBP seems to be suitable for the extraction of certain xenobiotics (e.g., mycotoxins) from wines without the marked changes in color, total polyphenol level, and taste. Nevertheless, the concentrations of certain components (such as resveratrol and quercetin) can be considerably reduced.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2023.114567
References:
[1] Moon, J.-Y., Jung, H.-J., Moon, M. H., Chung, B. C., & Choi, M. H. (2008). Inclusion complex-based solid-phase extraction of steroidal compounds with entrapped β-cyclodextrin polymer. Steroids, 73(11), 1090–1097. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.steroids.2008.04.008
[2] Liu, H., Cai, X., Wang, Y., & Chen, J. (2011). Adsorption mechanism-based screening of cyclodextrin polymers for adsorption and separation of pesticides from water. Water Research, 45(11), 3499–3511. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2011.04.004
[3] Moulahcene, L., Skiba, M., Senhadji, O., Milon, N., Benamor, M., & Lahiani-Skiba, M. (2015). Inclusion and removal of pharmaceutical residues from aqueous solution using water-insoluble cyclodextrin polymers. Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 97, 145–158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2014.08.023
[4] Morin-Crini, N., Winterton, P., Fourmentin, S., Wilson, L. D., Fenyvesi, É., & Crini, G. (2018). Water-insoluble β-cyclodextrin–epichlorohydrin polymers for removal of pollutants from aqueous solutions by sorption processes using batch studies: A review of inclusion mechanisms. Progress in Polymer Science, 78, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2017.07.004
[5] Fliszár-Nyúl, E., Lemli, B., Kunsági-Máté, S., Szente, L., & Poór, M. (2019). Interactions of Mycotoxin Alternariol with Cyclodextrins and its Removal from Aqueous Solution by Beta-Cyclodextrin Bead Polymer. Biomolecules, 9(9), 428. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom9090428
[6] Fliszár-Nyúl, E., Szabó, Á., Szente, L., & Poór, M. (2020). Extraction of mycotoxin alternariol from red wine and from tomato juice with beta-cyclodextrin bead polymer. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 319, 114180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114180
[7] Appell, M., & Jackson, M. A. (2012). Sorption of ochratoxin A from aqueous solutions using β-cyclodextrin-polyurethane polymer. Toxins, 4(2), 98–109. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins4020098
[8] Mohos, V., Faisal, Z., Fliszár-Nyúl, E., Szente, L., & Poór, M. (2022). Testing the extraction of 12 mycotoxins from aqueous solutions by insoluble beta-cyclodextrin bead polymer. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 29(1), 210–221. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15628-1
[9] Poór, M., Faisal, Z., Zand, A., Bencsik, T., Lemli, B., Kunsági-Máté, S., & Szente, L. (2018). Removal of Zearalenone and Zearalenols from Aqueous Solutions Using Insoluble Beta-Cyclodextrin Bead Polymer. Toxins, 10(6), 216. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins10060216
[10] Murai, S., Imajo, S., Maki, Y., Takahashi, K., & Hattori, K. (1996). Adsorption and Recovery of Nonionic Surfactants by β-Cyclodextrin Polymer. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 183(1), 118–123. https://doi.org/10.1006/jcis.1996.0524
[11] Fliszár-Nyúl, E., Zinia Zaukuu, J.-L., Szente, L., Kovacs, Z., Poór, & M. (2023.) Impacts of β-cyclodextrin bead polymer (BBP) treatment on the quality of red and white wines: Color, polyphenol content, and electronic tongue analysis. LWT – Food Science and Technology 176, 114567, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2023.114567