Posted by Cyclodextrin-based metal–organic frameworks (CD-MOFs), derived from γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) and alkali metal cations, constitute a class of porous, renewable, and edible MOFs that can be synthesized from a naturally occurring carbohydrate on a large scale. γ-CD is a C8-symmetrical cyclic oligosaccharide composed of eight asymmetric α-1,4-linked d-glucopyranosyl residues that possesses a bucket-shaped cavity with an inner diameter of ∼1 nm and a depth of ∼0.8 nm. Upon combination of 1 equiv of γ-CD with 8 equiv of potassium hydroxide in an aqueous solution, followed by vapor diffusion of MeOH (or EtOH) into this solution during several days, CD-MOF-1 is obtained as cubic crystals. This carbohydrate-based MOF, which was discovered serendipitously in 2010, was the first highly crystalline CD-MOF to be obtained. X-ray crystallography of a single crystal reveals that it adopts the space group I432 with unit cell dimensions of approximately 31 × 31 × 31 Å3. Other CD-MOFs, namely, CD-MOF-2 and CD-MOF-3, can be obtained when potassium ions are replaced by rubidium and cesium ions, respectively. CD-MOFs comprise extended body-centered frameworks of (γ-CD)6 cubic units, which contain spherical pores that reside at the center of the cubes, interconnected by alkali metal cations, forming both cylindrical and triangular channels.
During the past decade, CD-MOFs have emerged as a useful class of multifunctional materials based on porous frameworks with extended structures displaying robust crystallinity, permanent porosity, and excellent biocompatibility. The family of CD-MOFs has been joined by a growing collection of metal nodes involving alkali metal cations (Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+) and γ-CD as well as its derivatives. As a result of the ability of their extended porous frameworks to absorb guest molecules, including gases, drugs, metal-based nanoclusters, and nanoparticles, CD-MOFs have potential applications in areas as disparate as templating syntheses of metal-based nanoparticles and gels, adsorption and separation, trapping highly reactive intermediates, catalyst supports, sensing, electrical memory, and drug delivery.
In this Account, the story of CD-MOFs, a scientific discovery made in research laboratory at Northwestern University, and the opportunities to use these environmentally friendly porous materials across different fields of science and technology are summarized by Nobel-prize laureate F. Stoddart. The story includes representative synthetic protocols for the preparation of CD-MOFs, along with an overview of their structural features, functionalization, and chemical modification aimed at increasing their stabilities in aqueous environments, and finally, a summary of their applications.
Indranil Roy, J. Fraser Stoddart Cyclodextrin Metal–Organic Frameworks and Their Applications. Accounts of Chemical Research Pub Date : 2021-02-01 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00695
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